{"id":39607,"date":"2016-09-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-27T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/"},"modified":"2025-04-01T07:06:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T12:06:53","slug":"patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2","status":"publish","type":"fmr_content","link":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"rteright\" style=\"background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);\">\n\t\t\t\t\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0650\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064e \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064813 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0650\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0639\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u064b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0647\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 120 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 &lsquo;\u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a&rsquo; &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 17 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u064627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0645\u0646 &lsquo;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629&rsquo; \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645.<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" title=\"\"><span dir=\"LTR\">[i]<\/span><\/a>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644&quot;. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 &quot;\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f&quot;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0635\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u064e \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" title=\"\"><span dir=\"LTR\">[ii]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 11% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629.<sup>3 <\/sup>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646&quot;\u060c \u0648&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b&quot;\u060c \u0648&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f&quot;. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 &quot;\u060c &#8230; \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u0627&quot;. <sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645&nbsp; \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 12 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u061f \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a \u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a <em>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/em> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a: &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631&quot;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0646\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623. \u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644 <em><a href=\"mailto:sunny.patel@mail.harvard.edu\"><span dir=\"LTR\">sunny.patel@mail.harvard.edu<\/span><\/a><\/em> <span dir=\"LTR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sunnyapatel_\">@sunnyapatel_<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0637\u064e\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064c&nbsp;\u0645\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f <a href=\"http:\/\/www.challiance.org\/\"><span dir=\"LTR\">www.challiance.org<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0625\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0628. \u0644\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0646 <a href=\"mailto:amoslichtman@mail.harvard.edu\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">amoslichtman@mail.harvard.edu<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0637\u064e\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064c&nbsp;\u0645\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 <a href=\"http:\/\/medschool.ucla.edu\/\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">http:\/\/medschool.ucla.edu<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0645\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a \u0645. \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 <a href=\"mailto:mmn452@mail.harvard.edu\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">mmn452@mail.harvard.edu<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">www.hsph.harvard.edu<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643. \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0631&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"mailto:pparmar@usc.edu\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">pparmar@usc.edu<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 &nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">http:\/\/keck.usc.edu<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0646\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0633\u064a \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0650\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064e\u0639\u0628\u0650 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0646\u0650 \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<div>\n\t<br clear=\"all\" \/><\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div id=\"edn1\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\" title=\"\"><span dir=\"LTR\">[i]<\/span><\/a>\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u062f. (2014) &rsquo;\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u061f&lsquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<span dir=\"RTL\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cato.org\/blog\/time-close-thailands-camps-burmese-refugees\"><span dir=\"LTR\">www.cato.org\/blog\/time-close-thailands-camps-burmese-refugees<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>(Time to Close Down Thailand&rsquo;s Refugee Camps for Burmese Refugees?)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"edn2\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\" title=\"\"><span dir=\"LTR\">[ii]<\/span><\/a>\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633.\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631. (2005)\u060c &rsquo;\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629&lsquo;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 294 (5)\u060c&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=201333\">http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=201333<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(Refugee mental health)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp; \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0632\u0648 \u0628.\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644.\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064f\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633. (2004) &rsquo;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&lsquo;. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 58(12).<\/em> &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277953603005070\">www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277953603005070<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(Karenni refugees living in Thai&ndash;Burmese border camps: traumatic experiences, mental health outcomes, and social functioning)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><sup>4<\/sup> \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 &nbsp;(\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634) (2012): <em>\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/thailand0912.pdf\">www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/thailand0912.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(<em>Ad Hoc and Inadequate: Thailand&rsquo;s Treatment of Refugees and Asylum Seekers<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0650\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064e \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064813 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":42669,"menu_order":0,"template":"","fmr_themes":[],"fmr_region":[],"fmr_issue":[101],"fmr_year":[],"fmr_content_type":[27],"fmr_languages":[35],"fmr_list_years":[565],"class_list":["post-39607","fmr_content","type-fmr_content","status-publish","hentry","fmr_issue-101","fmr_content_type-article","fmr_languages-arabic","fmr_list_years-565","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 - Forced Migration Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 - Forced Migration Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0650\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064e \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064813 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Forced Migration Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-01T12:06:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 - Forced Migration Review\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-09-27T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-01T12:06:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"FMR 53 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/\",\"name\":\"Forced Migration Review\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Forced Migration Review\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/FMR_logo1.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/FMR_logo1.svg\",\"width\":53,\"height\":62,\"caption\":\"Forced Migration Review\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 - Forced Migration Review","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 - Forced Migration Review","og_description":"\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0650\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064e \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064813 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/","og_site_name":"Forced Migration Review","article_modified_time":"2025-04-01T12:06:53+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/","url":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 - Forced Migration Review","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-09-27T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-01T12:06:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/patel-lichtman-nair-parmar-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"FMR 53 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/community-protection-ar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/","name":"Forced Migration Review","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#organization","name":"Forced Migration Review","url":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/FMR_logo1.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/FMR_logo1.svg","width":53,"height":62,"caption":"Forced Migration Review"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_content\/39607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fmr_content"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_content\/39607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45672,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_content\/39607\/revisions\/45672"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_content\/42669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"fmr_themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_themes?post=39607"},{"taxonomy":"fmr_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_region?post=39607"},{"taxonomy":"fmr_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_issue?post=39607"},{"taxonomy":"fmr_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_year?post=39607"},{"taxonomy":"fmr_content_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_content_type?post=39607"},{"taxonomy":"fmr_languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_languages?post=39607"},{"taxonomy":"fmr_list_years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fmr_list_years?post=39607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}