{"id":39936,"date":"2018-07-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-07-26T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/white-6\/"},"modified":"2025-03-17T08:25:11","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T13:25:11","slug":"white-6","status":"publish","type":"fmr_content","link":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/ar\/economies-ar\/white-6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a <\/span><\/span>benjaminthomas.white@glasgow.ac.uk<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span>
\n\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648 <\/span><\/span>www.gla.ac.uk\/schools\/humanities\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span>
\n <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Herz M (Ed) (2012) From Camp to City<\/em><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/em> Refugee Camps of the Western Sahara,<\/span><\/span><\/em> Lars M\u00fcller Publishers 302\u2013303, 340\u2013347<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Rawlence B (2016) City of Thorns<\/em><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/em> Nine Lives in the World\u2019s Largest Refugee Camp<\/span><\/span><\/em>, Portobello Books<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643: \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2018) Survey Report on Elephant Movement, Human-Elephant Conflict Situation, and Possible Intervention Sites in and around Kutupalong Camp, Cox\u2019s Bazar<\/em> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0633<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

www.unhcr.org\/5a9946a34<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Fiddian-Qasmiyeh E, Loescher G, Long K and Sigona N (Eds) (2014) The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies,<\/em> Oxford University Press <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u062a\u064a-\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0643. (2015)\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 49\u060c \u2019\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u2018 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

www.fmreview.org\/ar\/climatechange-disasters\/beirne-keltyhuber<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> See for example LEGS (2014) Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards<\/em> (2nd edition) Practical Action Publishing<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

www.livestock-emergency.net\/resources\/download-legs<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

UNHCR\/IUCN (2005) Livestock-Keeping and Animal Husbandry in Refugee and Returnee Situations<\/em><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/em> A Practical Handbook for Improved Management<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/bit.ly\/UNHCR-Livestock-handbook-2005<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u2018<\/span><\/span>Humans and animals in refugee camps\u2019, Wellcome Trust Seed Award in Humanities and Social Science 2016 [award reference 205708\/Z\/16\/Z<\/span><\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u2019\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u2018 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> White B T (2018) \u2018Humans and animals in a refugee camp<\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>Baquba, Iraq, 1918\u201320\u2019, Journal of Refugee Studies<\/em> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u2019\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646: \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 1918-1920\u2018 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrs\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jrs\/fey024\/4996010<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Forced Migration Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/economies-ar\/white-6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 - Forced Migration Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u2019\u062d\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632\u2018\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644.[1]\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/economies-ar\/white-6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Forced Migration Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-17T13:25:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/economies-ar\/white-6\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/economies-ar\/white-6\/\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 - 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