{"id":41362,"date":"2013-04-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-04-29T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/tabak-levitan-frameworks-2-3\/"},"modified":"2025-07-01T07:22:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T12:22:40","slug":"tabak-levitan-frameworks-2-3","status":"publish","type":"fmr_content","link":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/es\/tabak-levitan-frameworks-2-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Cadres juridiques mondiaux relatifs aux droits humains applicables aux migrants LGBTI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Plusieurs organes de trait&eacute; des Nations Unies se sont fait l&rsquo;&eacute;cho de ce message, notamment le Comit&eacute; des droits de l&rsquo;homme qui a affirm&eacute; que les principes du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP) s&rsquo;appliquent de mani&egrave;re &eacute;gale &agrave; tous, sans discrimination envers les populations LGBTI, estimant que la r&eacute;f&eacute;rence au &lsquo;sexe&rsquo; &agrave; l&rsquo;Article 26 (la disposition anti-discrimination principale du PIDCP) s&rsquo;applique &eacute;galement &agrave; l&rsquo;orientation sexuelle.<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" title=\"\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp; De m&ecirc;me, le Comit&eacute; des droits &eacute;conomiques, sociaux et culturels (l&rsquo;organe faisant autorit&eacute; en mati&egrave;re d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques) proscrit toute discrimination fond&eacute;e sur l&rsquo;orientation sexuelle.<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" title=\"\">[2]<\/a> En cons&eacute;quence, les &Eacute;tats parties au PIDCP et au PIDESC sont tenus, comme le pr&eacute;voient ces des deux trait&eacute;s, de veiller &agrave; la protection des droits tels que reconnus dans le Pacte de toutes les personnes LGBTI, et notamment des migrants LGBTI se trouvant &agrave; l&rsquo;int&eacute;rieur de leurs territoires. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Au-del&agrave; de ces protections juridiques internationales des individus LGBTI, des organes r&eacute;gionaux de droits humains ont &eacute;galement affirm&eacute; que le droit des droits de l&rsquo;homme doit s&rsquo;appliquer &agrave; ceux qui font l&rsquo;objet de discrimination au motif de leur orientation sexuelle ou de leur identit&eacute; de genre. Tr&egrave;s r&eacute;cemment, la Cour europ&eacute;enne des droits de l&rsquo;homme a statu&eacute; que la s&eacute;gr&eacute;gation des d&eacute;tenus LGBTI constituait une violation de leurs droits humains et &eacute;quivalait &agrave; de la torture ou des traitements inhumains ou d&eacute;gradants, si cela les prive d&rsquo;un v&eacute;ritable acc&egrave;s aux services du centre de d&eacute;tention ou s&rsquo;apparente &agrave; une peine d&rsquo;isolement punitif.<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\" title=\"\">[3]<\/a> La jurisprudence de la Commission interam&eacute;ricaine des droits de l&rsquo;homme traite de plus en plus fr&eacute;quemment de questions de droits humains des personnes LGBTI, ayant estim&eacute; pour la premi&egrave;re fois que la Convention am&eacute;ricaine relative aux droits de l&rsquo;homme interdit toute discrimination fond&eacute;e sur l&rsquo;orientation sexuelle.<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" title=\"\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&Agrave; ces normes relatives aux droits humains, viennent s&rsquo;ajouter les Principes de Jogjakarta, des lignes directrices r&eacute;dig&eacute;es en 2006 par un groupe d&rsquo;experts juristes qui examinent la mani&egrave;re dont les principes fondamentaux des droits de l&rsquo;homme s&rsquo;appliquent aux minorit&eacute;s sexuelles.<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" title=\"\">[5]<\/a> Bien que ces principes n&rsquo;aient pas de valeur contraignante pour les &Eacute;tats, ils articulent les principales protections internationales &agrave; l&rsquo;intention des minorit&eacute;s sexuelles et proposent des orientations aux &Eacute;tats sur les meilleurs pratiques visant &agrave; garantir le respect des droits humains des populations LGBTI.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Shana Tabak <a href=\"mailto:shanatabak@gmail.com\">shanatabak@gmail.com<\/a> est Praticienne en r&eacute;sidence &agrave; la Clinique internationale de d&eacute;fense des droits humains de l&rsquo;American University. Rachel Levitan <a href=\"mailto:rslevitan@gmail.com\">rslevitan@gmail.com<\/a> est Avocat conseil principal (r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s et migration) &agrave; l&rsquo;HIAS. <\/em><cite><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hias.org\"><em>www.<\/em><em>hias<\/em><em>.org<\/em><\/a><\/cite><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div id=\"edn1\">\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\" title=\"\">[1]<\/a> <em>Voir&nbsp;:<\/em> <em>Toonen v Australia<\/em>, Communication du HCR No. 488\/1992, U.N. Doc CCPR\/C\/50\/D\/488\/1992, para. 8.7 (1994).<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"edn2\">\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\" title=\"\">[2]<\/a> Voir&nbsp;: Comit&eacute; des droits &eacute;conomiques, sociaux et culturels, Observation g&eacute;n&eacute;rale N&deg;14: Le droit au meilleur &eacute;tat de sant&eacute; susceptible d&#39;&ecirc;tre atteint, 11 ao&ucirc;t, 2000, E\/C.12\/2000\/4.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/CESCR-comment14-fr\">http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/CESCR-comment14-fr<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"edn3\">\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\" title=\"\">[3]<\/a> CEDH, <em>X v. Turkey<\/em> (application no. 24626\/09)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"edn4\">\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\" title=\"\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cidh.oas.org\/Basicos\/French\/c.convention.htm\">www.cidh.oas.org\/Basicos\/French\/c.convention.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Atala Riffo et Filles v. Chile<\/em>, Fonds, r&eacute;parations et d&eacute;pens, arr&ecirc;t de la cour interam&eacute;ricaine. Ct. H.R. 83-84 (24 f&eacute;vrier 2012).<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"edn5\">\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\" title=\"\">[5]<\/a> Principes de Jogjakarta sur l&rsquo;application du droit international des droits de l&rsquo;homme en mati&egrave;re d&rsquo;orientation sexuelle et d&rsquo;identit&eacute; de genre, 2006<\/p>\n<p>Fran&ccedil;ais : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yogyakartaprinciples.org\/principles_fr.pdf\">www.yogyakartaprinciples.org\/principles_fr.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plusieurs organes de trait&eacute; des Nations Unies se sont fait l&rsquo;&eacute;cho de ce message, notamment le Comit&eacute; des droits de l&rsquo;homme qui a affirm&eacute; que les principes du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP) s&rsquo;appliquent de mani&egrave;re &eacute;gale &agrave; tous, sans discrimination envers les populations LGBTI, estimant que la r&eacute;f&eacute;rence au &lsquo;sexe&rsquo;&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","fmr_themes":[],"fmr_region":[],"fmr_issue":[90],"fmr_year":[],"fmr_content_type":[27],"fmr_languages":[37],"fmr_list_years":[562],"class_list":["post-41362","fmr_content","type-fmr_content","status-publish","hentry","fmr_issue-90","fmr_content_type-article","fmr_languages-french","fmr_list_years-562","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cadres juridiques mondiaux relatifs aux droits humains applicables aux migrants LGBTI - Forced Migration Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/tabak-levitan-frameworks-2-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cadres juridiques mondiaux relatifs aux droits humains applicables aux migrants LGBTI - Forced Migration Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Plusieurs organes de trait&eacute; 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