{"id":39285,"date":"2014-02-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-02-12T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/mcadam-2-2\/"},"modified":"2025-06-24T08:35:33","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T13:35:33","slug":"mcadam-2-2","status":"publish","type":"fmr_content","link":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/fr\/mcadam-2-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a 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\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c &quot;\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a&quot;. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641.<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" title=\"\"><span dir=\"LTR\">[4]<\/span><\/a>\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0622\u062f\u0645 <a href=\"mailto:j.mcadam@unsw.edu.au\"><span dir=\"LTR\">j.mcadam@unsw.edu.au<\/span><\/a>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kaldorcentre.unsw.edu.au\"><span dir=\"LTR\">www.kaldorcentre.unsw.edu.au<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div id=\"edn1\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\" title=\"\"><span dir=\"LTR\">[1]<\/span><\/a>\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 60 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 50 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&quot;\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2011 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/4ecd0cde9.html\"><span dir=\"LTR\">www.unhcr.org\/4ecd0cde9.html<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"edn2\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\">4 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062f 2008\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u06462008<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.reliefweb.int\/rw\/rwb.nsf\/db900sid\/YSAR-7DHL88?OpenDocument\">www.reliefweb.int\/rw\/rwb.nsf\/db900sid\/YSAR-7DHL88?OpenDocument<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"edn3\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\" title=\"\"><span dir=\"LTR\">[3]<\/span><\/a> \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u060c &quot;\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629&quot; (<span dir=\"LTR\">Theorizing Disasters: Nature, Power, and Culture<\/span>) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645. \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c 2002\u060c 32.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Anthony Oliver-Smith, &lsquo;Theorizing Disasters: Nature, Power, and Culture&rsquo; in Susanna M Hoffmann and Anthony Oliver-Smith (eds), <em>Catastrophe and Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster,<\/em> School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, 2002, 32.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"edn4\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\" title=\"\"><span dir=\"LTR\">[4]<\/span><\/a> \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0631\u060c &quot;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 &quot;\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2010<\/p>\n<p>(Assessing Institutional and Governance Needs Related to Environmental Change and Human Migration)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b) \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","fmr_themes":[],"fmr_region":[],"fmr_issue":[93],"fmr_year":[],"fmr_content_type":[27],"fmr_languages":[35],"fmr_list_years":[563],"class_list":["post-39285","fmr_content","type-fmr_content","status-publish","hentry","fmr_issue-93","fmr_content_type-article","fmr_languages-arabic","fmr_list_years-563","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a - Forced Migration Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/mcadam-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta 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