{"id":39732,"date":"2021-03-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-02T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/venables-whitehouse-spissu-pizzi-alrousan-dicarlo-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-22T18:19:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T23:19:36","slug":"venables-whitehouse-spissu-pizzi-alrousan-dicarlo","status":"publish","type":"fmr_content","link":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/fr\/issue66-ar\/venables-whitehouse-spissu-pizzi-alrousan-dicarlo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u064e\u0623\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0647\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0636\u0648\u062d 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\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u2013\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u2013 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064e\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b 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\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u064f\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629. <\/span><\/span><a name=\"_t0xd91s6umu0\"><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0644\u0650\u0633 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"mailto:emiliecvenables@gmail.com\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\"><span>emiliecvenables@gmail.com<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0628 \u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0650\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u0647\u064e\u0648\u0633 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"mailto:Katie.Whitehouse@brussels.msf.org\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\"><span>kitwhitehouse@gmail.com<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0652\u0633\u064f\u0648 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"mailto:caspissu@gmail.com\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\"><span>caspissu@gmail.com<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a><em> <\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0650\u062a\u0652\u0632\u0650\u064a <\/span><\/span><a href=\"mailto:lilian.pizzi@gmail.com\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\"><span>lilian.pizzi@gmail.com<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a><em> <\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"mailto:ahmad.alrousan@rome.msf.org\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\"><span><span>ahmad.alrousan@rome.msf.org<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a><em> <\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"mailto:ste.dicarlo@gmail.com\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\"><span><span>ste.dicarlo@gmail.com<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a><em> <\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><span><span dir=\"LTR\"><span><span><span><span><span>[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"AR\"><span> \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0637\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><span><span dir=\"LTR\"><span><span><span><span><span>[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"AR\"><span> \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0650\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0634\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0650\u063a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062a\u064a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><span><span dir=\"LTR\"><span><span><span><span>[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"AR\"> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636 \u0647\u0646\u0627 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/slides\/5-1331\"><span dir=\"LTR\">https:\/\/f1000research.com\/slides\/5-1331<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u064e\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064d \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u2013 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646.[1] \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":42746,"menu_order":0,"template":"","fmr_themes":[],"fmr_region":[],"fmr_issue":[114],"fmr_year":[],"fmr_content_type":[27],"fmr_languages":[35],"fmr_list_years":[570],"class_list":["post-39732","fmr_content","type-fmr_content","status-publish","hentry","fmr_issue-114","fmr_content_type-article","fmr_languages-arabic","fmr_list_years-570","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0634\u064e\u0623\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0647\u0645 - Forced Migration Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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