{"id":40056,"date":"2020-02-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/gemenne-zickgraf-depoux-pettinotti-cavicchioli-rosengaertner-2\/"},"modified":"2025-03-12T17:06:44","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T22:06:44","slug":"gemenne-zickgraf-depoux-pettinotti-cavicchioli-rosengaertner","status":"publish","type":"fmr_content","link":"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/fr\/cities-ar\/gemenne-zickgraf-depoux-pettinotti-cavicchioli-rosengaertner\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0650 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062e<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064e \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">2% <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">80% <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">60% <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><span><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0648<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u062b\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0650 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0646\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">96 <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0635\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064f\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"FR\"><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"AR-SA\"> \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">)<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0625\u0630 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062b\u064f\u0631\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0635\u064d \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064c \u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064c\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064d \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u062a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">) <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">) <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">\u2013<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">\u2013 <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064e \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0636\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0631<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0651 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064e \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064e\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">). <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629\u064d \u0641\u0648\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0645<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0642\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0642\u064e \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064e \u0646\u064f\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"FR\"><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"AR-SA\"> \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"FR\"><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[v]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"AR-SA\"> \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0644\u064e \u062d\u0627\u062c\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0642\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d\u064d \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0645<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">)<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064b \u0646\u064e\u0634\u0650\u0637\u0629\u064b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a<\/span><\/strong><strong><span lang=\"AR\">: 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062d\u064e\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064c \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0650\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 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\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064e\u0643\u062b\u064f\u0631\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062b\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0646\u064f<\/strong> \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064c \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062f\u0631\u064e \u0636\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062b\u064f\u0631\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0651\u064a\u064f\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064e\u0639\u0652\u064a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">\u2013<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">\u2013<\/span> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0647\u0627<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064f \u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064c \u0645\u0646<\/span> <strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 <\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u064a \u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0650 \u0644\u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span>. <span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span>. <span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0645\u064f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064c \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064f\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">. <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651<\/span><\/strong><strong><span lang=\"AR\">:<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\"> \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064e \u062f\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064d \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/strong><strong><span lang=\"AR\">:<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\"> \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064d \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064f\u0645\u0650 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\"> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">: <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064f\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644<\/span> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u064e \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0650\u0645\u0650\u0646 <\/span><a href=\"mailto:F.Gemenne@uliege.be\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">F.Gemenne@uliege.be<\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0650\u0643\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641 <\/span><a href=\"mailto:caroline.zickgraf@uliege.be\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">caroline.zickgraf@uliege.be<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0635\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0647\u0648\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0627\u062c <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hugo.uliege.be\/\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">www.hugo.uliege.be<\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0648 <\/span><a href=\"mailto:anneliese.depoux@uspc.fr\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">anneliese.depoux@uspc.fr<\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0650\u0631\u0634\u0648<\/span>&#8211;<span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/virchowvillerme.eu\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">http:\/\/virchowvillerme.eu<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0644\u0650\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0634\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062a\u064a <\/span><a href=\"mailto:laetitia.pettinotti@hotmail.com\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"FR\">laetitia.pettinotti@hotmail.com<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\"><span>\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629\u064f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.odi.org\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">www.odi.org<\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0624\u064f\u0644\u064a <\/span><a href=\"mailto:acavicchioli@c40.org\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">acavicchioli@c40.org<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 <\/span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0627\u064b<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">)<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.c40.org\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">www.c40.org<\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0650\u0646\u063a\u0650\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0650\u0631 <\/span><a href=\"mailto:sarahrosengaertner@gmail.com\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">sarahrosengaertner@gmail.com<\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\"><em><span dir=\"LTR\">www.opensocietyfoundations.org<\/span><\/em><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/Atlas-Gemenne-Rankovic-2019\">bit.ly\/Atlas-Gemenne-Rankovic-2019<\/a> Gemenne F and Rankovic A (2019) <em>Atlas de l\u2019Anthropoc\u00e8ne <\/em><span><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"FR\"><span><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"AR-SA\"><span>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0650 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0650 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <span lang=\"FR\"><span>De <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>Sherbinin A et al (2012) \u2018Migration and risk: net migration in marginal ecosystems and hazardous areas\u2019, <em>Environmental Research Letters<\/em> 7(4)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>(<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>: <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\"><span>\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/4\/045602\"><span dir=\"LTR\"><span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/4\/045602<\/span><\/span><\/a>&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <span lang=\"FR\"><span>IOM (2015) <em>World Migration Report: Migrants and Cities: New Partnerships to Manage Mobility<\/em><\/span><\/span> &nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\">(<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">: <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">: <\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u064f\u0644<\/span><span lang=\"AR\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iom.int\/world-migration-report-2015\"><span><span>www.iom.int\/world-migration-report-2015<\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span><span lang=\"FR\"><span>[v]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> <span lang=\"FR\"><span>Warn E and Adamo S B (2014) \u2018The Impact of Climate Change: Migration and Cities in South America\u2019, Bulletin 63 (2), World Meteorological Organization<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span><span><span><span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>(<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\"><span>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>: <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\"><span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/resources\/bulletin\/impact-of-climate-change-migration-and-cities-south-america\"><span dir=\"LTR\"><span>https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/resources\/bulletin\/impact-of-climate-change-migration-and-cities-south-america<\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0650 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062e. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064e \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 2% \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629.[i] \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0648&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":42727,"menu_order":0,"template":"","fmr_themes":[],"fmr_region":[],"fmr_issue":[111],"fmr_year":[],"fmr_content_type":[27],"fmr_languages":[35],"fmr_list_years":[569],"class_list":["post-40056","fmr_content","type-fmr_content","status-publish","hentry","fmr_issue-111","fmr_content_type-article","fmr_languages-arabic","fmr_list_years-569","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 - Forced Migration Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064e \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 2% \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629.[i] \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0648&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fmreview.org\/cities-ar\/gemenne-zickgraf-depoux-pettinotti-cavicchioli-rosengaertner\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Forced Migration Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-12T22:06:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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