The Lord’s Resistance Army’s increasingly violent attacks against civilians in Uganda from the 1990s and well into the 2000s – through large-scale and systematic abductions, massacres, maiming and military use of children – led to an unprecedented humanitarian crisis characterised by massive population displacement.
Throughout decades of brutal conflict, which have seen thousands of villages destroyed and millions of people displaced, Burma’s ruling regime has made no effort to provide support for affected civilians. As a result, Burma’s ethnic non-state armed groups (NSAGs) – thought to hold territory covering a quarter of the country’s landmass – play a crucial role as protectors and providers of humanitarian aid.
Practically all armed groups are heavily dependent on external support. Armed groups primarily seek support from both other states and from the diasporas, displaced populations and other armed groups, in order to prevent the burden of the war effort from falling entirely on the civil population they claim to protect, a situation that has its own political costs. States too need external support to deal with outbreaks of instability and violence; during the Cold War this was normal and it still continues today in most current armed conflicts.
The role of these armed groups and the consequences of their actions on the welfare of civilians have all been extraordinarily negative. Unfortunately, the accountability of these groups for civilian protection has been largely ignored while their notoriety has more to do with Western concerns over terrorism, piracy and security than the protection of civilians.
في الفترة ما بين تسعينيات القرن العشرين والعقد الأول من هذا القرن، تزايدت الهجمات العنيفة لجيش الرب للمقاومة في أوغندا وتمثَّلت تلك الهجمات في أعمال عنف منظمة واسعة النطاق اشتملت على الاختطاف، والمجازر، وتشويه الأطفال واستخدامهم لغايات عسكرية. وقد أدى ذلك إلى أزمة إنسانية غير مسبوقة اتّسمت بموجة هائلة من النزوح.
عبر عقود من النزاعات الوحشية التي أتت على آلاف القرى وتسببت في نزوح الملايين ، لم يبذل النظام الحاكم في بورما أي جهد يُذكر لتقديم الدعم للمدنيين المتأثرين. ونتيجة ذلك، رأت الجماعات العرقية المُسلَّحة من غير الدُّول في بورما أن تسيطر على الأراضي التي تغطي ربع مساحة البلاد، بالإضافة إلى تمثيل دور أساسي في تفير الحماية والمساعدات الإنسانية.